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ARDMS SPI Exam Syllabus Topics:
Topic
Details
Topic 1
- Apply Doppler Concepts: It discusses Doppler wall filter concepts, Doppler sample gate concepts, y color priority over gray scale concepts, and concepts related to color Doppler map. Furthermore, it discusses concepts to eliminate aliasing, continuous wave Doppler concepts, and color Doppler scale concepts.
Topic 2
- Manage Ultrasound Transducers: It delves into 2D array transducer concepts, 3D
- 4D transducer concepts, and nonimaging transducer concepts.
Topic 3
- Optimize Sonographic Images: The topic focuses on optimization of axial resolution concepts, optimization of lateral resolution concepts, optimization of elevational resolution concepts, optimization of temporal resolution concepts, and magnification techniques.
Topic 4
- Provide Clinical Safety & Quality Assurance: This topic covers universal infection control protocols, QA check on ultrasound machine, transducer integrity, ultrasound machine integrity, and statistical parameter concepts.
Topic 5
- Perform Ultrasound Examinations: This topic discusses patient care, sonographic ergonomic techniques, echogenicity, reverberation, and potential bioeffects. It also discusses beam steering concepts, panoramic imaging, 3D
- 4D concepts, and contrast imaging concepts.
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation Sample Questions (Q100-Q105):
NEW QUESTION # 100
Which artifact is caused by defects in the crystals of the transducer?
- A. Side lobe
- B. Mirror image
- C. Ringdown
- D. Dropout
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Defects in transducer crystals result in missing or weakened signals along the beam path produced by those elements, creating dropout. In array transducers, dropout typically appears as vertical or horizontal dark zones depending on which elements are affected.
According to sonography instrumentation reference:
"Crystal failure results in areas of signal dropout directly beneath the defective elements due to loss of transmitted or received signals." Therefore, the correct answer is D: Dropout.
-
NEW QUESTION # 101
Which function can decrease noise?
- A. Sector width
- B. Persistence
- C. Frequency
- D. Depth
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Persistence is a frame averaging function that combines multiple sequential frames to smooth random noise and reduce speckle, particularly effective in stationary or slow-moving structures.
According to official Principles and Instrumentation guidelines:
"Persistence reduces random noise by averaging multiple frames over time, improving image clarity but potentially reducing temporal resolution." A: Increasing frequency improves resolution but may increase attenuation.
B: Sector width affects frame rate.
C: Depth affects penetration but not noise reduction.
NEW QUESTION # 102
Which type of resolution will be improved by decreasing the depth of field?
- A. Lateral
- B. Axial
- C. Elevational
- D. Temporal
Answer: A
Explanation:
Lateral resolution refers to the ability to distinguish two structures that are side by side. It is dependent on the width of the ultrasound beam. By decreasing the depth of field, the beam width is reduced at any given point along the depth, which improves the lateral resolution. This is because a narrower beam can better distinguish between objects that are close together laterally.
Reference:
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation guidelines
Kremkau, F. W. (2015). Diagnostic Ultrasound: Principles and Instruments.
NEW QUESTION # 103
In this image, what does the data below the baseline represent?
- A. Blood flow directed towards the transducer
- B. Aliasing and retrograde blood flow
- C. Wall filter setting too high
- D. Mirror image artifact
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the provided image, data below the baseline represents blood flow moving away from the transducer, which can indicate retrograde flow. When using spectral Doppler, the baseline separates flows towards and away from the transducer. Aliasing occurs when the velocity of blood flow exceeds the Nyquist limit, causing the display to wrap around and appear on the opposite side of the baseline. This phenomenon is common in high-velocity flow situations and results in part of the flow being displayed below the baseline. Retrograde flow further supports this, as it shows blood moving in the opposite direction to the expected flow.
References:
ARDMS Sonography Principles & Instrumentation Guidelines
Kremkau FW. Sonography Principles and Instruments. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016.
NEW QUESTION # 104
Which change can be made in order to avoid exceeding the Nyquist limit?
- A. Increase output power
- B. Decrease output power
- C. Increase pulse repetition frequency
- D. Decrease pulse repetition frequency
Answer: C
Explanation:
To avoid exceeding the Nyquist limit and prevent aliasing in Doppler ultrasound, the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) should be increased. The Nyquist limit is half of the PRF, so by increasing the PRF, the Nyquist limit is raised, allowing the system to accurately measure higher velocities without encountering aliasing artifacts.
Reference:
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation guidelines
Zwiebel, W. J., & Pellerito, J. S. (2017). Introduction to Vascular Ultrasonography. Elsevier.
NEW QUESTION # 105
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